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Ministry Of Health
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The two main objectives of
the Ministry of Health are to : (1) to enable every citizen to attain full life
expectancy and (2) to ensure that every citizen is free from diseases.
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National Health Committee NHC
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The NHC was formed as part of the policy
reforms introduced in 1990 and organized on February 12, 1998. It takes the
leadership role and gives guidance in implementing the health programmes
systematically and efficiently.
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| Built in monitoring and evaluation
process is undertaken at State/Division and Township level on regular basis.
Implementation of National Health Plan at various levels is carried out in
collaboration and co-operation with health related sectors and NGOs
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National Health Plan [1996-_2001]
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| The National Health Plan [
1996-2001 ] is continuation of the NHP [ 1993-1996] and hence the following
broad programme areas as in the previous NHP are included.
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| 1. Community Health Care
Programme
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| 2. Disease Control Programme
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| 3. Hospital Care Programme
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| 4. Environment Health
Programme
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| 5. Health Systems Development
Programme
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| 6. Organization and
Management Programme
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| Effective measures are being
taken throughout country to deal with TB, a contagious disease whose incidence
has increased in recent years.
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| Programmes are also being
carried out for the prevention and control of diseases such as malaria, leprosy
and HIV/AIDS.
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Development of Border Areas and Special Regions
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| Sr.No |
Particulars |
1988-89 |
1999-2000 |
2000-2001 |
| 1 |
Hospitals |
8 |
44 |
46 |
| 2 |
Station Health Unit |
- |
1 |
1 |
| 3 |
Dispensaries |
6 |
74 |
74 |
| 4 |
Rural Health Centres |
- |
38 |
38 |
| 5 |
Sub-Centres |
- |
31 |
31 |
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Health ups Facilities 131 Special Regions
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| One station hospital and four
sub-rural health centres have been opened in Khaikdon region, Kya-in-seikkyi
Township, Kayin State; and one rural health centre and four sub-rural health
centres, opened in Kyeik region in the same state.
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| As part of the measures taken
to ensure development of border areas, the following 91 public servant posts
have been created.
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| (a) doctors
11 posts
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| (b) dental surgeons
1 post
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| (c) nurses
22 posts
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| (d) midwives
14 posts
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| (e) others
43 posts
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Treatment of Drug Addicts
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| (a) A drug treatment unit was
set up at Kunlon Hospital, Shan State.
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| (b) Training on the treatment
of drug addition was given to doctors serving in border areas.
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| (c) Paintings, reliefs,
models and photographs on the treatment of drug addiction were put on display
at the Anti-Drug Abuse Exhibition in Mongla.
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| Steps are now being taken to upgrade all
the state/division level hospitals to 200 - bed ones. Plans are also under way
to upgrade 16-bed, 50-bed, 100-bed and 150-bed hospitals to 25-bed, 50-bed,
100-bed and 150-bed and 200-bed ones respectively.
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| Furthermore, specialists were posted at
state/division hospitals as deemed necessary. The organizational set-ups of the
Yangon General Hospital, Mandalay General Hosptial and North Okkalapa General
Hospital were reviewed with the appointments of more professors, lecturers and
specialists for all of them to be on a per and to enhance the quality of their
medical services and teaching.
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| With the upgrading of Laukkai
Hospital, a surgeon, an obstetrician & gynaecologist and an anaesthetist
and assistant surgeons have been assigned at the hospital which used to have
only one doctor.
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Human Resources for Health
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| The following institutions
under the Department of Medical Sciences have opened their classes in 2001.
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| Sr. |
Institution |
Course |
| 1 |
Medical Institutes [M.B.,B.S] |
3 |
| 2 |
Dental Institutes [B.D.S] |
2 |
| 3 |
Institutes of Nursing |
2 |
| 4 |
Institutes of Paramedical Sciences |
2 |
| 5 |
Institutes of Pharmacy |
2 |
| 6 |
Institute of Community Health |
1 |
| 7 |
Institute of Dental Technicians |
1 |
| 8 |
Institute for Dental Nursing |
1 |
| 9 |
Training Schools for Nursing |
38 |
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Post Graduate Training Course ill 20111)
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| Sr. |
Institution |
Course |
| 1 |
Doctorate Courses [M.Ed. - Sc |
7 |
| 2 |
Ph.D Courses |
7 |
| 3 |
Master Courses |
20 |
| 4 |
Diploma Courses |
27 |
| Total |
61 |
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| The following post-graduate
and diploma courses are being opened at the institutions under the Department
of Medical Sciences.
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Development of Border Areas and Special Regions
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| Sr |
Course |
Number of trainess |
| 1 |
Course for doctorate in
pre-clinical medicine |
14 |
| 2 |
Course for doctorate in clinical medicine |
153 |
| 3 |
17 master courses in Medical
Science |
348 |
| 4 |
Diaploma Course |
81 |
| 5 |
Two diaploma courses for
doctors/dental surgeons who are not government
service |
70 |
| 6 |
Four para medical
sciences/pharmacy courses for sciences graduates |
50 |
| Total.. |
723 |
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| In 2001, 47 persons completed
their masters in medical science; 49 finished their diploma course on medical
science (31 on hospital management diploma); 915 passed their final examination
on diploma in nursing; 333 completed their 18-month midwifery course and 15
finished their nine-month special nurse course.
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| Up to 2001, since 1988 there
are 36 Ph Ds, 72 MRCPs, 23 MRCPCHS, 25 MRCOGs, 58 FRCSs, 3 FRCS (ENT)s
totalling 219 foreign-trained experts in various sectors of medical profession.
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Health Education Exhibition
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| Health education exhibition
were opened under the Myanmar-Thai border health collaboration programme at
Tachilek in Shan State and Maesai in Thailand were opened at Shan Yoma
Departmental Store in Tachilek Shan State (East), Myanmar and Maesai, Chiangrai
District, Thailand on 30th September 2001.
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| In exhibitions, the booths on
systematic health development in Myanmar, health activities jointly carried out
by Myanmar and Thailand and border area development, regional development of
Shan State (East), development of traditional medicine and public health
education were exhibited in Tarchilek and Maesai.
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Kidney' Transplant Operation
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| Myanmar surgeons, physicians and other
medical professionals have performed the nine successful kindney transplant
operations for 13 patients at the Yangon and Mandalay General Hospital up to
February 2002.
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National Immunization Days
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| Myanmar has been implementing
programmes since 1995 for elimination of poliomyelitis in the country. National
Immunization Days were designated since 1997 and up to now. The programme
covers border areas as well and polio vaccines were administered to children
under the age of 5 years on the most recent Immunization Day.
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1 st NIDs |
2 nd NIDs |
3 rd NIDs |
4 th NIDs |
5 th NIDs |
6 th NIDs |
7 th NIDs |
| Date(1st round) |
10-2-96 |
15-12-96 |
14-12-97 |
12-12-98 |
12-12-99 |
11-2-01 |
9-12-01 |
| Date(2 rd round) |
10-3-96 |
18-1-97 |
18-1-98 |
17-1-99 |
16-1-00 |
13-3-01 |
13-1-02 |
| Target Population(< 5
years) |
5529343 |
5586609 |
5698341 |
5793163 |
5890807 |
6000000 |
610000 |
| No. of Teams |
33000 |
35000 |
37000 |
37000 |
37000 |
37000 |
38000 |
| No.of Teams member |
96% |
99% |
97% |
97% |
97% |
98% |
95% |
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| Twelve specialists -
physician, surgeon, pediatrician, obstetrician & gynecologist,
anaesthetist, orthopaedist, eye specialist, ear, nose & throat specialist,
pathologist, radiologist, psychiatrist, and dental surgeon - were posted at
each of Myitkyina, Loikaw, Pa-an, Haka, Monywa, Dawei, Bago, Pyay, Magwe,
Mawlamyine, Sittwe, Taunggyi, Kyaington, Lashio and Pathein Hospitals, all of
which are state/ division level hospitals.
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| Furthermore, 282, posts for
specialists were created at 48 district-level hospitals.
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| In addition to conventional
X-ray machines, modern instruments such as Ultra Sound, E.C.G Angiogram
Endoscope and C.T Scan (Computerized Tomograph) are being installed at
hospitals.
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| A modern diagnostic
instrument called M.R.I (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) was installed at the new
Yangon General Hosptial in July 1996.
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| The epilepsy centre was
opened in front of the Neuro Medical Department building in November 1997.
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| The Department of Health
cooperates with international organizations and non-government organizations to
look after the health of the people. In several instances, Orbis International
visited Myanmar since 1997. Members of the flying hospital jointly performed
operations and exchanged knowledge with Myanmar eye specialists and other
health professionals on the occasion.
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Health Services in Myanmar
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| The main aim of the health services in
Myanmar is to provide comprehensive health care to the people. The main areas
of service delivery and support activities can be categorized broadly as;
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1. Promotive and Preventive Services
2. Curative Services
3. Traditional Medicare
4. Research
5. Human Resources for Health
6. Financing Health
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Sharing Costs on Health Services
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| The cost-sharing mechanism on
health services was initiated at four State general hospitals beginning March
1993. It is now been practised in 155 townships. Laboratories where patients
were required to pay to a certain extent for the services rendered were opened
at the Yangon General Hospital on 1 January 1993. There are now 35 hospitals
which facilitate paid medical services and diagnostic and laboratory tests.
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| The childhood development
project that extended to the grassroots level began in 1992. By 1994-95, it has
already covered all townships in the country.
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| The border area health
project was initiated in 1989. It has now covered 227 townships.
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| Myanmar began to implement
the birth spacing programme in nine townships in 1991 with the support of
Family Planning International. It now covers 117 townships and among them
United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) support the activities in 72 and 36 townships
respectively.
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Maternal and Child Health
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| In Myanmar, more than sixty
percent of total population is women and children who are the most vulnerable
groups.
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| Maternal and child health is
the internal part of comprehensive health care delivery system. Focusing on the
strength of basic health staff in cooperation with the various types of
voluntary health workers, local administrative authorities, NGOs and the
community, the health programme has put more emphasis on improvement of
quality.
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Florence Nightingale Award Winners
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| The 38th Florence Nightingale
Medal Award Ceremony was held on 29-8-2001 at Institute of Nursing, Yangon. Daw
Thein Ye, Midwife of Homalin, Sagaing Division, received this award as a third
awardee of Myanmar. The previous receipients in Myanmar are Major Daw Khin Ohn
Mya (1963) and Nurse Daw M. Yaw Nan (1993).
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| The Department of Medical
Research carries out and supports the research programmes mentioned
below.Interaction between nutrition and nutrition bacteria, malaria, snakebite,
hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Myanmar sports, diarrhea,
physi. ology, indigenous medicine, reproductive health, respiratory diseases,
health system and epidemic.Research in Myanmar concerning malaria has focused
on resistance of malarial protozoa against medicines and attack of malarial on
congenital anemia (sicklecell anemia). In Myanmar, there are three kinds of
protozoa that can cause malaria. Falsiparum is prevalent in hill regions. It
can be resistant to anti-malarial medicines and cause encephalitis. A virus
causes the second highest incidence of malaria. It was discovered in 1993 that
it had become chloroquine-resistant The rate of incidence of malaria is still
low at present.
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| Research has been done on
snakebites and farmers have been advised to do first aid in times of
snakebites. Boots and gloves that can protect farmers from penetration of the
snakes' fangs have been made on an experimental basis. Farmers from certain
townships such as Taungdwingyi and Taikkyi are wearing them at work.
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| Research findings have shown
that in Myanmar hepatitis A,B,C and E have been either widespread or prevalent
in certain areas from time to time. Vaccines are being produced to check
hepatitis A, B and E viruses. Research on hepatitis C virus is being done with
hepatitis patients as well as among the people. As hepatitis B vaccine produced
on a preliminary basis through WHO and UNDP support met the WHO standards, more
vaccines are being produced now.
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Traditional Medicine Research
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| The Pharmacy Division has been paying its
emphasis on the research of botanical features, chemical contents and medicinal
values of medicinal plants in Myanmar. It is mentioned in the government's
policies on primary health care of the people that research is to be done on
indigenous medicines so that they will be on par with western medicines.
Accordingly, dosage for 48 kinds of indigenous medicine has been standardized
and their efficacy tested.
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The Department of Traditional Medicine
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| There are nine Traditional
Medicine hospitals. They all give medical treatment to both in and out-patient.
The number of traditional medicine clinics was increased from 14 in 1988 to 202
in 2000.
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Institute of Traditional Medicine,Mandalay
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| The Mandalay Institute of
Traditional Medicine opened on 3 January 1976. From its 18 intakes, it has
turned out 895 traditional medical practitioners by 1997. Graduates receive
certificates on diploma in traditional medicine. The institute accepts 100
matericulates every year.
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| The Myanmar Traditional
Medical Practitioner's Conference
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| It was held at Pyidaungsu
Hall in Kyaikkasan Grounds on 15-17 December 2001.
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| The Traditional Medical
Practitioners were presented 21 papers at this conference and there was an
exhibition of traditional medicines and products.
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| The first conference was held
in 1989, in 2000 and 2001 it's promotion.
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Factories that Produce Traditional Medicines
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| Yangon and Mandalay factories
produce indigenous medicines. In addition to the medicines for use at their
hospitals and clinics they also produce nine kinds of medicine.
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TRADITION
MEDICINE HOSPITAL[1988-2001]
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| State/Division |
Township |
District |
Hospitals |
| Kachin State |
9 |
- |
- |
| Kayah State |
8 |
- |
- |
| Kayin State |
7 |
- |
- |
| Chin State |
7 |
- |
- |
| Mon State |
10 |
1 |
1 |
| Rakhine State |
10 |
1 |
1 |
| Shan State |
19 |
2 |
1 |
| Sagaing Division |
20 |
1 |
- |
| Tanintheryi Division |
7 |
2 |
1 |
| Bago Division |
22 |
2 |
1- |
| Magway Division |
16 |
2 |
1 |
| Mandalay Division |
23 |
1 |
1 |
| Ayeyarwady Division |
27 |
14 |
1 |
| Yangon Division |
19 |
1 |
1 |
| Total.. |
224 |
27 |
10 |
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| Community health workers
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... 39383 |
| Auxiliary midwives
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... 23322 |
| Trained traditional birth attendants
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... 15704 |
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Health Personal[1988-88 to 2000-2001]
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| Doctors
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... 14356 |
| Nurses
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... 12642 |
| Health Assistants
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... 1725 |
| Lady Health Visitors
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... 2106 |
| Midwives
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... 10307 |
| Public Health Supervisor Grade 1&11
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... 6282 |
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| Hospitals
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... 742 |
| Hospital Beds
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... 30254 |
| Rural Health Centres
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... 1412 |
| Dispensaries
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... 350 |
| Secondary Health Centres |
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... 86 |
| Medical Institutions
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... 9 |
| Indigenous Hospitals
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... 8 |
| Maternal and Child Welfare Centres
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|
... 348 |
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