| Opium |
23694.108
|
kilos |
| Heroin
|
3747.529
|
kilos |
| Opium oil |
195.519
|
kilos |
| Opium liquid |
435.604
|
kilos |
| Morphine |
221.819
|
kilos |
| Marijuana |
5417.709
|
kilos |
| Phensedyl |
30417.015
|
liters |
| Cough mixture (containing opium) |
1518121 |
litres |
| Injection (containing opium) |
1489 |
ampoules |
| Stimulants |
80855208 |
tablets |
| Ephedrine |
11582448
|
kilos |
| Methaqualone |
7311
|
tablets |
| Cough tablets |
39177 |
tablets |
| Diphenoxylate |
72232 |
tablets |
| Morphine sulphate |
10 |
tablets |
| Ephedrine tablets |
54458 |
tablets |
| Phenobarbital |
8008 |
tablets |
| Phenobarbital (injection) |
23 |
ampoules |
| Ephedrine (injection) |
28 |
ampoules |
| Stimulant (crush) |
30.452 |
kilos |
| Methadone |
10.8
|
litres |
| Phenyl acetic acid |
2143.471 |
kilos |
| Opium tree |
0.48 |
kilo |
| Opium Powder |
21.787 |
kilo |
| Lizotan
|
150000
|
tablets |
|
Destruction of Narcotic Drugs in Border Areas
|
| With the conscious
participation of the national races, narcotic drugs were destroyed 19 times in
border area as follows;
|
| Opium |
3122.383 |
kilograms |
| Heroin |
405.9054
|
kilograms |
| Morphine |
245.76 |
kilograms |
| Phensedyl |
689.75 |
litres |
| Inferior opium |
59.472
|
kilograms |
| Acetic anhydride |
419.0 |
gallons |
| Stimulants |
715492 |
tablets |
| Poppy fields |
7836 |
acres |
| Opium refineries |
21 |
Nos. |
| Hydrochloric Acid |
291.47 |
gallons |
| Sulfuric Acid |
232.5 |
gallons |
| Other liquid chemicals |
4309 |
gallons |
| Lysol
|
198.73 |
gallons |
| Ammonium chloride |
2261.02
|
gallons |
| Sodium carbonate |
5150 |
gallons |
| Bone charcoal |
59.472 |
gallons |
| Paraphernalia |
628
|
Nos. |
|
 |
|
|
Suppression of Production, Transport and Trafficking of Opium Through Military
Operations
|
| Some armed groups in Myanmar
had engaged in the production transport and trafficking of opium and the
government had launched the following military operations to suppress these
activities:
|
|
Melone Operation
Nga-Ye-Pan Operation
Taung-Hteik-pan Operation
Taung-Yan-Shin Operation
Moehein Operation
|
|
(g) Demand Reduction
|
| As a result of the
offensives, the MTA led by U Khun Sa unconditionally surrendered to the
Government bringing with them over 15000 members, about 10000 pieces of
assorted weapons and lots of ammunition. This surrender has led to reduction in
cultivation and processing opium poppy and trafficking. During this era, the
Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control and Work Committees were constituted
with Deputy Ministers as members. A Monitoring Committee was also formed with
the Deputy Minister for Home Affairs as Chairman. Measures for law enforcement,
supply elimination and demand elimination are being taken with added momentum.
|
|
Accession to the United Nations Conventions on Narcotic Drugs
|
| Myanmar acceded to the Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, on 29 July 1963 and to the Convention on
Psychotropic Substances on 20 June 1994. Myanmar became a Signatory to the
Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances, 1988 on 9 September 1991 with the reservation on Article 6
concerning extradition and Article 32 (2) (3) on settlement of disputes which
states that in the event disputes between member nations remain unresolved,
arbitration will be sought at the International Court of Justice and its
decision shall be taken as final and binding. On extradition, Myanmar's
reservation states that the provision on extradition shall not apply to Myanmar
citizens.
|
|
Cooperation among Myanmar-China-Thai and the United Nations Drug; Control
Programme
|
| Agreement on Drug Abuse
Control in Myanmar-China and Myanmar-Thailand border areas was signed on 12
June 1992. Under the agreement, sub-projective on Integrated Rural Development
(Mongyang-Silu region) (Tacheleik Sanlu) and subprojects on law enforcement and
demand reduction were implemented from 1992 to June 1997. A 5 year project on
the development of Wa Regions (south) is also implemented.
|
|
Cooperation among, 3 MoU Countries-Myanmar, Thailand and Laos
|
| First meeting on cooperation
among the three countries was held in Bangkok in 1992, the second in Yangon
from 9 February to 10 February, 1994 and the third in Lunprabon, Laos from 4 to
5 July 1997. Joint communiques were issued at the end of each meeting.
|
|
Cooperation among 6 MoU Countries-Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, China, Cambodia and
Vietnam
|
The 6 nations MoU on cooperation was preceded by 4
nations MoU signed by Myanmar, China, Laos and Thailand in 1993. At the
Ministerial meeting held in Beijing in 1995, Cambodia and Vietnam joined the
MoU and the meeting of 6 MoU countries was held in Myanmar in 1996 and again in
Thailand in 1997. At present, 11 sub-regional projects prepared by the UNDCP
are being implemented by the 6 MoU countries. In May 2001, in cooperaton with
UNDCP Myanmar hosted the senior officers Meeting of the signatory countries to
the MoU on drug control in East Asia and the Pacific Sub-region. And also the
ministerial meeting of the signatory countries to the MoU on drug control in
East Asia and the Pacific subregion was held on 11 May 2001, In August 2001,
the Senior officials Meeting, the Ministerial Meeting and the Meeting of the
Heads of State were hosted in Yangon for the first time at the Drug Elimination
Museum.
|
|
Cooperation with ASEAN
|
| Myanmar participated in 18th
ASEAN Senior Official on Drug Matters (ASOD) held in Bangkok, Thailand from 21
to 25 August 1995 and the 19th ASOD held in Hanoi, Vietnam from 16 to 20
September 1996 as observer. The 20th ASOD held in Bander Sri Bagawan, Brunei
Darussalam from 19 to 22 August 1997 was attended by Myanmar as a full member
of ASEAN. At present, Myanmar is participating in the implementation of 10
ASEAN Drug Control Projects.
|
|
Co-operation with UNDCP
|
| In co-operation with the
UNDCP, the government is implementing alternative development projects and
illicit crop monitoring programmes in the poppy cultivation areas, as well as
buckwheat cultivation and other alternative crops as cropsubstitution, with the
assistance of Japan and China respectively.
|
|
Myanmar-US Cooperation in opium yield survey
|
| Myanmar and United State, had
jointly carried out opium yield surveys in February 1993, February 1995 and
March 1997.
|
|
Cooperating with other countries
|
| Myanmar is cooperating with
the Russian Federation, Laos and the Philippines under the bilateral agreements
signed with them.
|
|
|
Fifteen-Year Project of Drugs
Abuse Elimination [1999-2014]
Five-Year Plans laid down to eliminate cultivation are as follows:
|
|
(a) First Five-Year Plan (1999-2000 to 2003-2004)
(b) Second Five-Year Plan (2004-2005 to 2008-2009)
(c) Third Five-Year Plan (2009-2010 to 2013-2014)
|
| The First Five-Year Plan will
cover 15 townships in Shan State (North), one township in Shan State (East),
Mongla Region, 6 townships in Shan State (South). The Second Five-Year plan
will cover 4 townships in Kachin State, 6 townships in Shan State (North), 7
townships in Shan State (East), 3 townships in Shan State (South). The Third
Five-Year Plan will cover 5 townships in Shan State (South), 2 townships in
Kayah State, 2 townships in Chin State. The whole project will cover 51
townships and total area is 55102.454 square miles and 1469 village-tracts in
the interest of 3817199 persons.
|
|
Educating the Students and Youths
|
The Myanmar Government is carrying out drug education work in the country as a
national duty. The education sector was constituted under the Central Committee
for Drug Abuse Control and the Basic Education Department and the Higher
Education Department are important components of the sector. The aim of the
sector is to guard the youths against the danger of narcotic drugs through drug
education. The sector is formed at the Central, Basic Education, High, Middle
and Primary School levels. Formation of similar groupings at university/college
level is also envisaged. Four Sub-committees have been formed at the Central
and they are: Exhibition, Competition, and Training Sub-committee, Conference,
Research and Assessment Subcommittee, Budget and Procurement Sub-committee. The
members of the Subcommittees are experienced personnel from various
departments.
|
| The sector educates youth
with emphasis on demand reduction. It also initiates drug education on supply
reduction. Drug education programmes are conducted with the conviction that
prevention is cent-per-cent successful and more effective that providing
treatment after addition. Drug education prorammes are carried out as follows:
|
|
Talks and Lectures
|
| . Talks for the students are
organized in class or at school assemblies.
|
| . Drug education talks are
given at the monthly Parents and Teachers Associa tion meetings.
|
| . Talks for the public are
organized with the joint sponsorship of teachers and parents. ;.
|
| . Professionals like doctors,
judges and police officers are invited to give talks,
|
|
Curriculum
|
| .Fables, stories, poems, and
words of advice on the ill effects of narcotic drugs are included in the school
subiects.
|
| .Specific curricula on drug
education and HIV/AIDS are formulated and taught at schools.
|
|
Exhibitions and Competitions
|
| . Exhibitions and
competitions are organized jointly by teachers, parents and students at school,
township, district and state/division level every year.
|
| . Exhibitions and
competitions are organized at ceremonies on 26 June, the International Day
Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking and at ceremonies destroying seized
narcotic drugs.
|
| . Drug education painting,
cartoon, poster, essay, poem, story and article competitions are organized and
prizes presented. Competitions are organized on significant days such as
Independence Day, Union Day, Armed Forces Day, World Food Day and etc. an
prizes are awarded to the winners to divert the attention of the youths from
narcotic drugs.
|
| . Arrangements are made to
enable students to undergo sports training and engage in performing arts
practising, school health activities, Students Sports Festival and Performing
Arts Competitions.
|
|
Opium Free Zones
|
| The strenuous and complex
task of setting up opium free zones was formulated with the consequence of
being able to declare the establishment of an opium free zone on 22 April 1997
in Mongla Region, Special Region-4, Shan State (East). On the some day the
Museum Commemorating the Elimination of opium was opened. It was projected that
opium free zones were also be established in Kokang Area by the year 2000 and
in the Wa Region by the year 2005. 1997 in Mongla Region, Special Region 4,
Shan State (East), on the same day the Museum commemerating the Elimination of
opium was opened. It was projected that opium free zones were also be
established in Kokang Area by the year 2000 and in the Wa Region by the year
2005.
|
|
Laukkai Drugs Elimination Museum
|
| The Drugs Elimination Museum
in Laukkai, Kokang Area Shan State (North) Special Region 1, was opened on 27
December 2000.
|
| It was built with the aims of
educating the public through the display of photographs featuring how the poppy
growing practice originated, the ill-effects of narcotic drugs and measures
taken for narcotic drugs control.
|
|
Drugs Elimination Museum [Yangon]
|
| The Drug Elimination Museum
was opened with ceremony on 26-6-2001 at the corner of Kyundaw Road and
Hanthawady Road in Kamayut Township, Yangon, hailing the International day
Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking.
|
| The Museum will go down in
history as a concrete landmark by truly reflecting the history of Myanmar's
concerted national efforts to combat narcotic drugs.
|
Moreover, the Museum will record faithfully and show
vividly how opium and opium cultivation was introduced into the nation by
colonialists, how the acts of unscrupulous elements who, with political
motives, exacerbated the situation and how, under the guidance of the
successive Governments, the people of Myanmar have been fighting continuously
with a view to permanently eradicating the dark shadow of narcotic drugs with
great sacrifice including loss of life and limbs. All these historical facts
will be preserved in the exhibits in the Museum.
|
| In particular, with the
ensuring of peace and national reconsolidation in the country, which constitute
the historic achievement of the State Peace and Development Council, the
positive conditions for the eradication of narcotic drugs that has resulted
from the concerted efforts of the Government, leaders of the national races and
the local populace have now been recorded in this Museum.
|
